Friday, September 24, 2021

The Privilege of Means

he facts are scanty and slow in coming but the general picture is informative enough. Julian Ongpin checked in at a hotel in La Union with his girlfriend, Breana “Bree” Jonson, where on the morning of September 18, 2021 she was found dead.

Both of them tested positive for cocaine.  Police arrested Julian for possession of 12.6 grams—I keep wondering why these  weigh-ins always just barely clear the 10-gram indictable cutoff—but would not charge him of anything having to do with Bree’s death. After a few hours in custody, the prosecutor ordered him released supposedly because there was not enough evidence to charge him with  homicide. A dead  body, CCTV footage showing them together, and his actual presence during the discovery of the body, are all compelling evidence, but not enough for investigators.

So it shouldn’t be surprising that possession of cocaine and a positive test of its actual use are not enough evidence to detain Julian beyond 36 hours, either. A day and a half—that’s the longest time you can detain someone arrested without a warrant in his case. Before that time runs out, the prosecutor has to indict him and—most importantly—state on the indictment that the case is unbailable. But the prosecutor can  only do that after conducting a regular preliminary investigation. Julian’s case could not be submitted for emergency inquest because his arrest did not fall under any of the circumstances for a valid warrantless arrest. I know you’re confused, because he was arrested without a warrant.

Yes, he was. Under 36 hours from his arrest without a warrant, the arrest was still valid. But as the 36-hour time limit draws near, the police had better be able to justify the arrest and submit complete evidence to make a charge stick. Either that or they should ask the prosecutor for more time to tidy up their work and make a more deliberate presentation at a preliminary investigation. But in the meantime, as the 36-hour deadline expires, the prosecutor has to order Justin released, unless he signs a waiver stating that he, too, wishes to take part in that preliminary investigation at the expense of remaining in detention beyond 36 hours.  I never advise a client to sign a waiver like that because with or without one it’s your constitutional right to participate in the preliminary investigation anyway. That waiver is just one of those   martial law relics designed to protect the provocative bottoms of arresting officers.

Of course, non-lawyers are enraged that this scion of Roberto V. Ongpin, one of the richest oligarchs in the Philippines, is walking around free, despite the non-bailable nature of the crime for which he was arrested.  He was arrested but he was NOT indicted. He was not indicted because he was NOT charged.  In fact, he didn’t even have to post bail.

A friend of mine laments that this is not the familiar track of events when less illustrious suspects are involved in similar crimes. I can only agree. Usually, when the person arrested cannot afford to hire top-flight lawyers to remind police and prosecutors of the correct procedure, these people tend to be sloppy and  cavalier about everything. “May pang-piyansa ka ba? Isasampa na namin itong kaso” (We’re filing the case,  can you post bail? )

The ordinary citizen doesn’t even know that the police have to release him in a short time under the pressure of skipping a preliminary investigation. All he knows is that in a full-blown preliminary investigation he has a sporting chance of getting the case dismissed for a variety of reasons. Sometimes police don’t even show up in preliminary investigations involving tons of cocaine, to say nothing of a paltry 12.6 grams. So they happily sign a piece of paper saying they don’t mind staying in a likely COVID-infested jail cell a few extra weeks.  If they refused to sign that waiver, the case will be filed no matter how strong or weak the evidence is but they have to post bail regardless.  That they cannot afford so they might as well waive the detention limit to buy a regular preliminary investigation and not an abbreviated inquest, so to speak.

This is where Julian’s being obscenely wealthy comes in. Julian’s early release, as bitter a taste as it leaves in the mouth, is neither anomalous nor unusual. He can afford to post bail, which  means he can dare the prosecutor to file the case already. The prosecutor turns to the police and asks them if they’re confident of their investigation findings and evidence at that point already.  

Put yourself in the shoes of the police. You have only done literally a few hours of investigations, you haven’t talked to all relevant witnesses, and the few you have talked to have not given signed written statements yet. The lab results are not yet in, and the autopsy hasn’t even begun. Meanwhile Julian is on his cellphone talking to a battery of Makati lawyers with double-digit IQ’s and triple-digit incomes. If you ask for more time, Julian walks away in the meantime.  If you file a weak case that is dismissed, Julian walks away for good. What do you do?  The La Union police asked for more time to investigate, and the prosecutor obliged

I think the prosecutor should have filed the case, both for the drug possession and homicide. Given the facts and evidence on hand at the time, they are both weak cases for sure. But a prosecutor is only looking for probable cause. The rest of  the evidence—lab results, autopsy report, witnesses statements—all these will come available by the start of the trial, which is a good several weeks away at least.  If the prosecution is worried that there may not be enough evidence to convict Julian of either crime, need anyone remind them that all that means is he is not guilty of the crimes? We live or die with the evidence we have. It is what it is.

When lesser mortals run afoul of the same law, they end up languishing in detention, or worse as stiff cadavers because “nanlaban” (put up a fight)—that’s par for the course as police investigations in drug cases go, so best of luck to you suing them at the ICC. It happens because the victim lacks the wherewithal to whip up widespread public outrage or sympathy.

So far, the only special treatment I have seen the government apply in this case is transferring the venue of the preliminary investigation to Manila. That is special because in criminal cases venue is jurisdictional. A crime must be investigated and tried in the place where it happened. Finding Julian with  12.6 grams of cocaine with his dead girlfriend, to me, doesn’t present a difficult or novel point of law that only Manila-based forensic capability can resolve, justifying a transfer. What the optics of the transfer move feeds though is speculation that the vast Ongpin legal resources have greater opportunities to inform the preliminary investigation proceedings in Padre Faura than in provincial La Union.

It will be interesting to follow this  case. Police have not released too much information to enable us to piece together the elements of homicide, if they are present in Julian’s overt actions around the time Bree died. In fairness, he didn‘t flee the crime scene. That will always count in his favor. Being a principal by direct participation is not the only way to become liable for someone’s death. One can be liable because of indispensable cooperation, too. But it seems the Ongpin lawyers have got that covered, developing the defense theory that Bree committed suicide. You can only be a principal, accomplice or auxiliary in a crime. Suicide is not a crime, no matter if it rhymes with homicide, parricide and infanticide. So even if Bree killed herself with Julian’s enabling assistance, that won’t make him liable. We don’t have a special law specifically punishing assistance in a suicide.

Maybe we should. © 2021 Joel Rodriguez Dizon

NOTE FROM JOEL: Hi, folks! Recently, I started a YouTube channel which is called "Parables and Reason" It  is kind of similar to this blog content-wise. You can check out my channel by clicking the link below:

 Joel R. Dizon - PARABLES AND REASON

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